Autonomic or involuntary nervous system:It is not under control of volition or will(the viscera or internal organs are supplied by these). The outer fibrous covering of the brain and spinal cord are called meninges. There is a fluid all round the brain and spinal cord, called cerebro spinal fluid or C.S.F . Now we discuss about the Peripheral nervous system:There are many connected to the central nervous system for example, brain and spinal cord. Those connected with the brain are called the cranial nerve that are 12 in numbers.Those connected with the spinal cord are called the spinal nerve (and according to the regions of their attachments in the spinal cord they are called cervical nerves, thoracic nerves, lumber nerves, and sacral nerves). Each peripheral nerve to the C.N.S . which may be general or ordinary sensation for example,touch, pain, temperature etc.Efferent or motor nerve carries impulses to the periphery from the C.N.S.which results in voluntary actions. Originates in the thoracic and lumber outflow of the central nervous system for example, spincal cord, at the sympathetic nerve ending a chemical susbance called adrenaline, or like substance, is liberated
on stimulation or activation. And in due time it is destroyed by the enzyme called amine oxidase.
Hepatic Encephalopathy: it is alternative names is that hepatic coma, encephalopathy-hepatic: Hepatic encephalopathy is brain and nervous system damage that occurs as a complication of liver disorder. it causes different nervous system symptoms including changes in reflexes, changes in consciousness and behavior changes that can range from mild to severe.Hepatic encephalopathy is caused by disorders affecting the liver. these include disorders that reduce liver function and conditions where blood circulation does not enter the liver. the exact cause of hepatic encephalopathy is unknown. However, when the liver cannot properly metabolize and turn poisons into harmless
substances in the body, these poisons build up in the bloodstream. One substance believed to be particularly harmful to the central nervous system is ammonia, which is produced by the body when proteins are digested. Ammonia is normally made harmless by the liver. many other substances may also accumulate in the body if the liver is not working well. they add to the damage done to the nervous system. In people with otherwise stable liver disorders, hepatic encephalopathy may be triggered by gastrointestinal bleeding, eating too much protein, infections, renal disease, procedures that bypas blood past the liver and electrolyte abnormalities (especially decrease in potassium).
A potassium decrease may result from vomiting or treatments such as parenthesis or taking diuretics( water pills).
Hepatic encephalopathy may also be triggered by any condition that results in alkaloids, low oxygen levels in the body use of medications that suppress the central nervous system (such as barbiturates or benzodiazepine tranquilizers ) surgery and sometime by co-occurring illness.